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Portugal Property Legal Process Guide for International Buyers & Investors

Understanding the legal process of buying property in Portugal is essential for international buyers seeking a secure and transparent transaction. Portugal has a well-established legal framework for property ownership, offering strong protections when purchases are handled correctly and professionally.

One of the first legal steps is appointing an independent Portuguese property lawyer. While not legally mandatory, legal representation is strongly recommended for all international buyers. A lawyer ensures due diligence is completed, contracts are reviewed, and ownership is transferred correctly.

Legal due diligence includes verifying title deeds, checking land registry records, confirming planning permissions, and ensuring there are no outstanding debts, liens, or charges against the property. This process is particularly important for older properties, rural land, or off-plan developments.

Once checks are completed, buyers typically sign a promissory contract (Contrato de Promessa de Compra e Venda). This legally binding agreement sets out the purchase price, payment schedule, completion date, and penalties for non-completion. A deposit — usually around 10% — is paid at this stage.

Before completion, buyers must obtain a Portuguese tax number (NIF) and ensure funds are available in a Portuguese bank account to pay taxes, fees, and the final balance. For guidance, see our Banking Guide and Transferring Money Guide.

Completion takes place before a notary or legal official, where the final deed (Escritura) is signed and ownership is formally transferred. The property is then registered in the buyer’s name at the Land Registry. At this point, purchase taxes and fees must have been settled in full.

Buyers should budget for legal fees, notary costs, registration fees, and property taxes. A detailed breakdown is available in our Taxes & Fees Guide.

For buyers arranging finance, the legal process also includes mortgage registration and coordination with lenders. See our Mortgages Guide for more information.

After completion, owners must ensure utilities are transferred, insurance is in place, and tax records are updated. Investors renting property should also register rental activity and comply with local regulations. For management support, see our Rental & Investment Management section.

Portugal’s property system is governed by national law and overseen by public registries and the Portuguese Ministry of Justice, providing strong legal certainty for foreign buyers.

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